Healthy Materials Series: Rattan

Rattan has been used for centuries, with indigenous communities in Southeast Asia among the first to harvest and weave it into baskets, mats and fishing equipment due to its strength and pliability. During the colonial period, European traders introduced rattan to the West, where it became popular for furniture, particularly in the Victorian era. Rattan grows as a climbing vine, using surrounding trees for support and stretching up to 330 feet long. Indonesia remains the largest producer, supplying around 80 percent of the world’s rattan, while it also thrives in Australia, Malaysia, the Philippines and parts of Africa. Its solid core, unlike the hollow structure of bamboo, makes it exceptionally strong yet flexible, ideal for crafting furniture, baskets, lighting fixtures and decorative objects. Some rattan fruits contain a red resin known as ‘dragon’s blood’ which was traditionally used to dye violins. Today, rattan remains a popular choice for interiors, valued for its natural aesthetic, lightweight structure and sustainable potential when harvested responsibly.

Health Impact

Rattan is a naturally non-toxic material, making it a safe choice for home furnishings and decor. Unlike synthetic materials, untreated rattan does not emit Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), which can compromise indoor air quality and cause respiratory irritation. Its breathable structure also helps regulate moisture, reducing the risk of mold and mildew growth, especially in humid environments. For those with allergies or sensitivities, rattan offers a hypoallergenic alternative to chemically treated furnishings. However, health concerns can arise during production at stages necessary to prevent discoloration and brittleness. Traditional curing methods often involve boiling the rattan in diesel oil to prevent insect infestation and mold, exposing harvesters to toxic fumes that can lead to respiratory issues. Sulfur-based solutions used for mold prevention can also release harmful gases, posing health risks to workers. The healthiest method, known as mechanical drying, involves heating the rattan in a kiln which effectively removes pests and mold.

Environmental Impact

Rattan is often praised for its environmental benefits due to its rapid growth, renewability and ability to thrive without the need for synthetic fertilizers or pesticides. As a climbing vine, rattan grows under the canopy of tropical forests, encouraging forest preservation by providing an economic incentive to protect rather than clear these ecosystems. However, unsustainable harvesting practices can lead to deforestation, habitat loss and biodiversity decline, especially when rattan is overharvested without allowing plants to regenerate. The processing of rattan can also have environmental consequences, as traditional curing methods produce harmful emissions and can contaminate local water sources if waste is not properly managed.

Pros:

• Renewable and fast-growing: Rattan regenerates quickly, typically reaching maturity within 5 to 7 years, making it more sustainable than many hardwoods.

• Lightweight and durable: Its strength and flexibility make rattan ideal for long-lasting furniture and home accessories.

• Non-toxic and breathable: Untreated rattan does not emit VOCs, promoting healthier indoor air quality.

• Supports forest preservation: Sustainable rattan harvesting can incentivize forest protection by providing an economic alternative to deforestation.

• Biodegradable: At the end of its life, natural rattan decomposes without leaving harmful residues.

Cons:

• Environmental impact from processing: Traditional curing methods, such as boiling in diesel oil, can produce harmful emissions and contaminate local water sources.

• Brittle if not cared for properly: Rattan can become dry, brittle and prone to cracking if exposed to excessive sunlight or low humidity.

• Risk of unsustainable harvesting: Overharvesting can lead to habitat loss and biodiversity decline if not managed responsibly.

• Synthetic finishes: Mass-produced rattan products may be treated with varnishes, paints or adhesives that introduce VOCs.

• Higher cost for ethically sourced products: Responsibly harvested and untreated rattan can be more expensive than conventional alternatives.

Typical Finishes, Dyes and Adhesives

Rattan is often treated with finishes to enhance durability and appearance. Traditional products are left untreated or finished with natural oils and water-based varnishes, however, mass-produced rattan furniture frequently undergoes chemical treatments, including synthetic varnishes, stains and paints that may contain VOCs. Additionally, adhesives used in rattan furniture assembly, especially laminated or composite pieces, may contain formaldehyde-based resins. To minimize health and environmental risks, opt for products finished with low-VOC, water-based treatments and avoid items with glossy synthetic coatings.

Terms to Avoid

When purchasing rattan products, certain terms can indicate chemical treatments. Avoid labels such as ‘weatherproof’ or ‘stain-resistant’, as these often signify the use of synthetic coatings, including PFAS-based treatments, which can off-gas chemicals. Similarly, ‘engineered rattan’ or ‘poly rattan’ refers to plastic-based alternatives designed to mimic natural rattan but lacking its biodegradability. Be cautious of ‘high-performance’ or ‘UV-resistant’ claims, which also imply chemical treatments.

Practical Tips

• Choose certified products: Look for FSC-certified rattan to ensure sustainable harvesting practices.

• Opt for natural finishes: Prioritize rattan with water-based varnishes, natural oils or untreated surfaces.

• Avoid synthetic coatings: Steer clear of items labeled as weatherproof, stain-resistant or UV-protected, as they often involve chemical treatments.

• Inspect craftsmanship: Handwoven rattan from artisan producers often reflects higher quality and fewer synthetic adhesives.

• Check for low-VOC adhesives: If adhesives are used, ensure they are formaldehyde-free and meet low-emission standards.

• Support ethical brands: Choose companies committed to responsible sourcing and environmentally friendly production.

Discover Olli Ella and Niwaki rattan products on the WLLW Shop.

Feature Image: Tiffany Christie Freeman/Pexels

Photography: World Wildlife Fund, Noy Promsouvahn/World Wildlife Fund, Shailendra Dhakal/Pexels, Soane Britain, Gubi, Olli Ella, Niwaki, Obsolete Inc.